The Canary
Originally from the Macaronesian islands of the Azores, Madeira, and of course, the Canary Islands, a pet canary is a small finch with a happy disposition and beautiful song that comes in an array of colors and sizes. Canaries are bred in captivity, making them inexpensive birds that are readily available in most pet stores throughout the United States.
The Canary's Song
Female canaries rarely sing, but will let out a chirp or “peep-peep” sound to communicate. Male canaries are the ones known for their beautiful song. A single male canary will typically be content to live alone and sing to their heart's content.
If you would like to enjoy even more of the canary's song, you could invest in two male canaries. You will, however, need to keep them in separate cages out of sight from one another. Housed this way, the birds will sing to each other in competition. An easier way to increase your canary's singing is to play a recording of another male canary. Note that canaries do not sing during their molting period, when their feathers are lost and replaced.
How to Care for a Canary
Below are some tips to help you care for your canary.
Choosing & Decorating Your Canary's Cage
Purchase the largest cage you can afford and accommodate in your space. Canaries like to fly, so giving your bird as much space as possible is an important part of keeping them happy and healthy. It is best to provide your canary with a longer cage so that they have some room to fly. A single canary needs a cage that is at least 20 inches wide by 24 inches long, with closely spaced bars to prevent them from getting their head caught.
Provide your canary with a variety of wooden perches in different diameters. Ask the staff at your local pet store for recommendations. We suggest that you only provide 1 sandpaper perch. Perches should be strategically placed to provide your bird with a place to exercise their feet and rest. You could also provide your bird with branches to rest on. These could be purchased from the pet store, or you can use branches from outdoors that have not been sprayed, such as branches from fruit trees, maples, or willows.
Be sure to place your canary's cage in a safe place away from other pets, drafts, and air conditioners. Canaries need natural sunlight, but not direct light, so choose an indirectly sunny spot for your bird's cage. If you notice that your canary is puffed up, it could be a sign that they are too cold. On the other hand, if your bird is sitting with their wings held out and their beak slightly open, it's a good sign that they are too hot.
It's a good idea to line the bottom of your canary's cage with bird-specific cage paper. This helps to make cleaning your canary's cage easier. These specially designed cage liners are easy to remove and don't turn into a sloppy mess when water is splashed on them.
Fresh water must be available for your canary at all times. A variety of inexpensive water bowls are available from pet stores as are bottles and fountains that many birds enjoy. Ensure that your bird's food and water containers are not located under a perch where they may become contaminated.
Birds love to splash around and take baths. It's a good idea to provide your canary with a small birdbath or bowl of fresh water every second day so they can treat themselves to a splash and wash.
While birds like parrots need a variety of toys to keep their minds active, canary minds are easier to occupy. Provide your canary with a single toy, branch, or mirror to keep their mind active throughout the day. You can switch things up from time to time by providing your bird with a swing, bell, or wooden toy.
Try not to keep your canary up too late at night. Ensure that your canary's sleep-wake cycle isn't disrupted by the glow from your TV or electric lights by covering your pet's cage each evening then removing the cover in the morning when you get up.
Speak to your vet for more advice on how to provide your canary with a home they will love.
Nutrition
Your canary needs proper nutrition to stay healthy and happy, so it's important to consult with your vet when it comes to deciding what and how much to feed your canary. The wrong combination of foods or too much food could prove lethal to your feathered friend.
While seeds can be used when combined with other foods and supplements to form a balanced diet, the easiest way to ensure that your canary receives all the nutrients they need is to feed them a high-quality pellet food formulated for canaries. That said, if your canary was raised on seeds, it may be challenging to coax them to change over to pellets. Transition seed-eating canaries over to pellets gradually, until 75-80% of their diet is pellets. Ask your vet for advice on how to help your bird transition their diet safely.
Many veterinarians recommend that freshly washed fruits and veggies make up about a quarter of a canary's daily diet. You do not need to remove the skin, but you will need to cut your bird's daily fruit and veggies into very small, manageable pieces. If you find that your canary develops a preference for a particular fruit or vegetable, stop feeding that particular food for a while in order to help balance out their diet. (It can be reintroduced later).
Never feed your canary avocado. It can be toxic to birds and many other animals. Speak to your vet to find out which fruits and vegetables are best for your canary to enjoy.
Some canaries enjoy tiny amounts of cooked meat, fish, egg, or cheese on occasion, but keep in mind that these foods should be used as a special treat only. Birds are lactose intolerant, so only tiny amounts of dairy products should be offered to canaries. Never offer your canary junk foods, chocolate, alcohol, caffeinated products, or processed human foods. Many of these foods contain ingredients that are toxic to birds.
Cuttlebone is an easy way to provide your canary with calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals required for good health. Provide a fresh cuttlebone every couple of months, since they can absorb smells and tastes in the environment, such as cooking fumes and smoke.
Refresh your canary's drinking water at least once a day, and clean their food and water dishes daily.
Canaries do not require grit to digest food since they break the outer shells off of seeds before eating them, unlike some birds which swallow seeds whole.
Supplements
While birds fed a high-quality pellet diet combined with fresh fruit and veggies may not need supplements to stay healthy, supplements can be helpful for birds on a seed diet.
Your bird's dietary needs will change throughout their lifetime. Speak to your vet to learn which supplements should be given to your canary at each stage of life. Many vets recommend a good quality powdered or liquid supplement that can be added to their fresh foods. Your vet will provide you with instructions regarding how often your bird's diet should be supplemented.
Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.